Types of Colleges
Understand Your Options
Colleges and universities come in many sizes, settings, and structures. Understanding the differences can help you decide which environments and institutions fit your education and career goals.
The type of institution doesn't determine whether it's the right choice for you. Start with the education or training you need, then compare the programs, costs, opportunities, and experiences available at individual schools.
Explore Education & Training Options →
Community Colleges
Community colleges typically offer associate degrees, certificates, diplomas, career and technical programs, and opportunities to begin coursework before transferring to a four-year institution.
Students may choose a community college to:
- Prepare directly for a career.
- Complete a certificate, diploma, or associate degree.
- Begin a bachelor's degree and transfer later.
- Explore programs and career interests.
- Attend closer to home.
- Access flexible course options.
If you plan to transfer, research transfer agreements and requirements early so you understand how your courses may apply toward your future degree.
Explore Careers in Two Years →
Public Colleges & Universities
Public colleges and universities receive support from state or local governments in addition to tuition and other funding.
They vary considerably in size and offerings. Depending on the institution, students may find:
- Bachelor's degree programs
- Graduate and professional programs
- Research opportunities
- Extensive academic offerings
- Athletics and student organizations
- Residential campus experiences
- Specialized colleges or schools within the university
Tuition and financial aid policies may differ for in-state and out-of-state students.
Private Colleges & Universities
Private colleges and universities operate independently of state government funding structures and vary widely in size, mission, programs, and campus experience.
They may offer undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees.
Don't assume a private institution will automatically cost more than a public institution based only on published tuition. Scholarships and financial aid can significantly affect what an individual student ultimately pays.
Compare net cost, not simply sticker price.
Career, Technical & Specialized Schools
Some institutions focus primarily on preparing students for particular careers or industries.
Programs may lead to certificates, diplomas, associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, or other credentials depending on the institution.
When evaluating a specialized program, research:
- The credential you'll earn
- Program length
- Total cost
- Accreditation when relevant
- Licensing or certification requirements
- Hands-on training opportunities
- Job placement information
- Whether credits can transfer
- Whether the credential is recognized by employers in your intended field
Colleges Can Fit More Than One Category
College labels don't always tell you everything you need to know.
A university may contain several smaller colleges. A community college may offer bachelor's degrees in some areas. A private institution may specialize in particular career fields. Schools with similar labels can offer very different programs and experiences.
Instead of choosing a college based only on its category, research the specific institution and program.
For Iowa Students
Explore Iowa Colleges
ICAN maintains resources to help students and families explore postsecondary institutions throughout Iowa.
Find Iowa Community Colleges →
Find Iowa Private Colleges & Universities →
Find Iowa Public Universities →
Find Iowa Career, Technical & Specialized Schools →
Find Iowa Postsecondary Schools by Name →
Use these directories as a starting point, then visit each institution's website for current programs, admission requirements, costs, and financial aid information.
Find the Right Fit
Once you understand the different types of institutions, compare individual schools based on your academic, career, financial, and personal priorities.
